Common
Problems
This section offers a comprehensive overview of the most common conditions affecting the foot and ankle. Click on any links of conditions below for an introduction and to download a complimentary information sheet.
Achilles Rupture (Chronic)
Rupture or tearing of the Achilles tendon is a common condition and typically occurs in an individual who undertakes sporting activity to which they are unaccustomed.
Achilles Tendonitis
These problems usually present as pain and often swelling in one of two areas of the tendon - either the region where the Achilles attaches to the heel bone (insertional tendonitis) or, in the middle of the tendon (mid-substance tendonitis). The first step is to establish where the problem lies in the course of the tendon, which part of the tendon anatomy is involved and then to look for a cause and obviously tailor treatment to these factors. The diagnosis may be assisted by imaging such as x-rays, ultrasound examination or MRI.
Ankle Instability
The ligaments that stabilize the ankle can be divided into three main groups. The outer (lateral) ligaments are most commonly injured. An ankle “sprain” generally means that these outer ligaments have been injured although all three sets of ligaments can be injured depending upon the type of sprain injury (determined by the position of the ankle when twisted and in which direction it is twisted and with how much force).
Arthritis in the Foot & Ankle
Arthritis is a process which results in damage to the normally smooth articulating surfaces of a joint, resulting in pain, stiffness and often swelling. Arthritis damages the highly specialized cartilage which lines the end of bones allowing smooth joint movement.
Bunions
The term bunion refers to a lump or prominence on the side of the big toe joint. When this occurs, the big toe also tends to lean towards the second toe. The medical term for this condition is Hallux Valgus.
Fractures of the Ankle and Foot
With a total of 30 bones, the ankle and foot presents many opportunities for fracture. Fractures may occur alone or in combination with multiple bones. Those fractures that involve a joint carry a higher risk of long term problems. Some fractures may be treated without surgery. Those that are unstable greatly displaced or involving a joint may require surgery for a better outcome.